Table of contents
AMD Microcode (K7 to Zen)
There is (almost) nothing at the moment.
If you have any knowledge, public documentation, or research related to AMD microcode, please get in touch. I would also be interested in hearing from anyone with experience in IC delayering and optical or electron microscopy capable of extracting microcode ROM contents from AMD CPUs. The K7 family was manufactured on a 180 nm process, while K8 processors were produced on processes ranging from 130 nm down to 90 nm.
CPU and motherboard donations are also greatly appreciated. Reverse engineering often requires access to a wide variety of systems, and it can be difficult to obtain processors with specific microcode revisions, steppings, or hardware features needed for research.
For those interested in experimenting, a base64-encoded microcode patches are available for CPUs matching the intended target CPUID or closely related steppings with compatible microcode ROM layouts. The patch modifies CPUID leaf 1 so that EAX returns 0xDEADBEEF. A successful load also updates MSR 0x8B to 0xDEADBEEF. Note, however, that this only confirms that the patch was accepted; it does not prove that the intended location in the microcode ROM was actually patched, as microcode addresses must match the expected CPUID/stepping family for the modification to take effect correctly.
On multi-core systems, only the core receiving the update will be patched. Also note that Linux caches CPUID information for /proc/cpuinfo, so verification should be performed by executing the CPUID instruction directly rather than relying on kernel-reported values.
Use at your own risk. If you try it, I'd be interested to hear whether it worked on your system.
CPUID 000631 K7 Duron
This is likely the world first public microcode patch for AMD K7 processors. To the best of my knowledge, AMD has not released any microcode updates for the K7 family - for explanation see errata 22 Processor Does Not Support Reliable Microcode Patch Mechanism application-notes.digchip.com/019/19-45009.pdf↗ ;
JiAGEe++rd4CACAAyvckJQAAAAAAAAAAAwAAAACqqqomAAAA//////////////////////////// /////////63eAIAAAAAwvvsCAAAAJsAIAQAAAAAAoD8ACP9AABNAAAAAUAEBAAABAABABAQAAAUA AAD////PICAAAAAMAACAgAAAADAAAAACAgAAwAAA5//w/wAQEAAAAAYAAEBAAAAAGAAAAAEBAABg AP/zf/gAAAgIAAAAAwAAICAAAAAMAACAgAAAADD8//k/BAAABAEAAIAQAAAQBgAAAEAAAEAYAAAA H/7//AICAADAAAAACAgAAAADAAAgIAAAAAwAAP4P/38AAQEAAGAAAAAEBAAAgAEAABAQAAAABgA/ /4f/AICAAAAAMAAAAAICAADAAAAACAgAAAAD/5//wwAAQEAAAAAYAQAAAQAAAGAEAAAEAQAAgOH/ z/8gAAAgDAAAAIAAAIAwAAAAAgIAAMAAAAD/8P/nEBAAAAAGAABAQAAAABgAAAABAQAAYAAA83/4 /wAICAAAAAMAACAgAAAADAAAgIAAAAAwAP/5P/wAAAQEAACAAQAAEBAAAAAGAABAQAAAABj+//wf AgAAAgAAAMAIAAAIAwAAACAAACAMAAAAD/9//gEBAABgAAAABAQAAIABAAAQEAAAAAYAAP+H/z+A gAAAADAAAAACAgAAwAAAAAgIAAAAAwCf/8P/AEBAAAAAGAAAAAEBAABgAAAABAQAAIAB/8//4QAA ICAAAAAMAACAgAAAADACAAACAAAAwPD/5/8QAAAQBgAAAEAAAEAYAAAAAQEAAGAAAAB/+P/zCAgA AAADAAAgIAAAAAwAAICAAAAAMAAA+T/8/wAEBAAAgAEAABAQAAAABgAAQEAAAAAYAP/8H/4AAAIC AADAAAAACAgAAAADAAAgIAAAAAz/f/4PAQAAAQAAAGAEAAAEAQAAgBAAABAGAAAAh/8//4AAAIAw AAAAAgIAAMAAAAAICAAAAAMAAP/D/59AQAAAABgAAAABAQAAYAAAAAQEAACAAQDP/+H/ACAgAAAA DAAAgIAAAAAwAAAAAgIAAMAA/+f/8AAAEBAAAAAGAABAQAAAABgBAAABAAAAYPj/838IAAAIAwAA ACAAACAMAAAAgAAAgDAAAAA//P/5BAQAAIABAAAQEAAAAAYAAEBAAAAAGAAA/B/+/wACAgAAwAAA AAgIAAAAAwAAICAAAAAMAH/+D/8AAAEBAABgAAAABAQAAIABAAAQEAAAAAb/P/+H
CPUID 000671 K7 Athlon
Morgan, 180nm, 2001
JiAGE+++rd4CACAAQC778gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACqqqpWAAAA//////////////////////////// /////////1Ih/3/////PQQT9////2T/3/v//////X8D/9wC//+y/////r/7+///+//+/+/v///r/ //8AAAAw39///xfA//9/f///XwD////9/f9/Afz/GAAAAP/v7///C+D//7+///8vgP////7+/78A /gAMAAD///f3//8F8P//39///xfA//9/f///XwAAAAYA+///+/j//wLv///v4P//C7///7+A//8v AAAAA/39//8B/P9/9/f//wXw///f3///F8D//wEAAID//v7/vwD+///7+///Avj//+/v//8L4P/A AAAA/39///9fAP////39/38B/P//9/f//wXwAGAAAP//v7///y+A/v///v7/vwD7///7+P//AgAA MADf///fwP//F3///38A//9f/f3//wH8/38AAAAY7+///wvg//+/v///L4D////+/v+/AP7/DAAA AP/39///BfD//9/f//8XwP//f3///18A/wAGAAD///v7//8C+P//7+///wvg//+/v///L4AAAAMA /f///fz/fwH3///38P//Bd///9/A//8XAACAAf7+//8A/v+/+/v//wL4///v7///C+D//wAAAMB/ f///XwD////9/f9/Afz///f3//8F8P9gAAAA/7+///8vgP////7+/78A/v//+/v//wL4ADAAAP// 39///xfA//9/f///XwD9///9/P9/AQAAGADv///v4P//C7///7+A//8v/v7//wD+/78AAAAM9/f/ /wXw///f3///F8D//39///9fAP//BgAAAP/7+///Avj//+/v//8L4P//v7///y+A/wADAAD///39 /38B/P//9/f//wXw///f3///F8AAgAEA/v///v7/vwD7///7+P//Au///+/g//8LAADAAH///38A //9f/f3//wH8/3/39///BfD//wAAAGC/v///L4D////+/v+/AP7///v7//8C+P8wAAAA/9/f//8X wP//f3///18A/////f3/fwH8ABgAAP//7+///wvg//+/v///L4D+///+/v+/AAAADAD3///38P// Bd///9/A//8Xf///fwD//18AAAAG+/v//wL4///v7///C+D//7+///8vgP//AwAAAP/9/f9/Afz/ //f3//8F8P//39///xfA/4ABAAD///7+/78A/v//+/v//wL4///v7///C+AAwAAA
CPUID 0006A0 K7 Athlon XP
Barton, 130 nm, AXDA2500DKV4D
JiAGE+++rd4CACAAQC778gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACqqqqeAAAA//////////////////////////// /////////1Ih/3/////PQQT9////2T/3/v//////X8D/9wC//+y/////r/7+///+//+/+/v///r/ //8AAAAw39///xfA//9/f///XwD////9/f9/Afz/GAAAAP/v7///C+D//7+///8vgP////7+/78A /gAMAAD///f3//8F8P//39///xfA//9/f///XwAAAAYA+///+/j//wLv///v4P//C7///7+A//8v AAAAA/39//8B/P9/9/f//wXw///f3///F8D//wEAAID//v7/vwD+///7+///Avj//+/v//8L4P/A AAAA/39///9fAP////39/38B/P//9/f//wXwAGAAAP//v7///y+A/v///v7/vwD7///7+P//AgAA MADf///fwP//F3///38A//9f/f3//wH8/38AAAAY7+///wvg//+/v///L4D////+/v+/AP7/DAAA AP/39///BfD//9/f//8XwP//f3///18A/wAGAAD///v7//8C+P//7+///wvg//+/v///L4AAAAMA /f///fz/fwH3///38P//Bd///9/A//8XAACAAf7+//8A/v+/+/v//wL4///v7///C+D//wAAAMB/ f///XwD////9/f9/Afz///f3//8F8P9gAAAA/7+///8vgP////7+/78A/v//+/v//wL4ADAAAP// 39///xfA//9/f///XwD9///9/P9/AQAAGADv///v4P//C7///7+A//8v/v7//wD+/78AAAAM9/f/ /wXw///f3///F8D//39///9fAP//BgAAAP/7+///Avj//+/v//8L4P//v7///y+A/wADAAD///39 /38B/P//9/f//wXw///f3///F8AAgAEA/v///v7/vwD7///7+P//Au///+/g//8LAADAAH///38A //9f/f3//wH8/3/39///BfD//wAAAGC/v///L4D////+/v+/AP7///v7//8C+P8wAAAA/9/f//8X wP//f3///18A/////f3/fwH8ABgAAP//7+///wvg//+/v///L4D+///+/v+/AAAADAD3///38P// Bd///9/A//8Xf///fwD//18AAAAG+/v//wL4///v7///C+D//7+///8vgP//AwAAAP/9/f9/Afz/ //f3//8F8P//39///xfA/4ABAAD///7+/78A/v//+/v//wL4///v7///C+AAwAAA
JiAGFO++rd4AgCAAsZFqzwAAAAAAAAAAAwAAAACqqqrSAgAA//////////////////////////// /////////1Ih/3/////PQQT9////2T/3/v//////X8D/9wC//+y/////r/7+///+//+/+/v///r/ //8AAAAw39///x/A//9/AP+BgH/DP/4B/AcA/g3/GAAAAP/v7///D+D/wD+A/x/Av+ED/wD+fwD/ hgAMAAD///f3//8H8Pv+PwDwzkf+2Qf+BMMfg64AAAYA+///+/j//wPg//8ff/jGogL8/3/W4ZfB AAAAA/39//8B/P//z3L7/9U/HHP/CgCA8PPwDwEAAID//v7//wD+//AnaGwYZB3+/x/A3eaifzjA AAAA/39///9/AP9n/7X8/1r/D9CNAzD4AwI8AGAAAP//v7///z+A/gP/Voc/qyz5D/xTHP6osiD9 awDf///fwP//Hy7/13/1wT9Xu/D///cP31wAAAAY7+///w/g//8/gP/AwL/hH/8A/gMA/4Z/HgD4 ///39///B/D/gz8Bvctg6/CBfwD/P4B/wwAGAAAP/AP4von4H7D/n+X4B/h5/288gMEfG+D+vwcA AAj8uw//AD9y/v/vH/xzXcH6gT/r8MtgAACAAV7+v//Fh3+/a/n/1nwe+rkP4D/w8G/4BwGA/+9/ f///fwD///3/QQT7P///9P9H/+///P9gAAAA/7+///8/gP///wH2by77hw/8e/l+vaoc/3sA4P// 39///x/Af///AMM/gP/8//+uD/8APwAAGADlv7vPevCX9gCAv3//4R/AWwYAfvuHf64A+P8eDwDw 9/g//ANvC8DOdf/wz38A/4GAf8M/DwD8f/sH+P8B/B/+5xdg/taifzgHf4IAl4HW4b8HAP4f/7f8 /1z3DyDwzwL8A/w8+f8/y/CPdX3/3wMAPrN1AAd/bIDB//9nH/6xruX/+J9/+Me6gP/vAQD/23/9 wzEWExA4+LoOfwzfwv//3T/8ewDAutf/Fv7/6/rhX/9W/rer6od//vv9v/1+Dv47AOD//38L/+91 //D+/yv/P8DPwwf+Afz/AP4N7hUAsP//v4X417p+/+2/leHfqvr/r/9+g3+//vj/HgDwH/gHP3wT 8YHCgz/r8MtgLKf9///DP9cAWGMNY/n/xgEe/Lnv5f/7W3z49zyA/6/L56BfBwD+v/4B/AcA/g3/ +AfwHwP4N/zgH8B/D+Df8IABAAD///7+//8A/g/8A/j+AfwbP/AP4PgH8G8AwAAA
AiAxEO++rd4AgCAAsZFqzwAAAAAAAAAAAwAAAACqqqr2CgAA//////////////////////////// /////////1Ih/3/////PQQT9////2T/3/v//////X8D/9wC//+y/////r/7+///+//+/+/v///r/ //8AAAAw39///x/A//9/AP+BgH/DP/4B/AcA/g3/GAAAAP/v7///D+D/wD+A/x/Av+ED/wD+fwD/ hgAMAAD///f3//8H8Pv+PwDwzkf+2Qf+BMMfg64AAAYA+///+/j//wPg//8ff/jGogL8/3/W4ZfB AAAAA/39//8B/P//z3L7/9U/HHP/CgCA8PPwDwEAAID//v7//wD+//AnaGwYZB3+/x/A3eaifzjA AAAA/39///9/AP9n/7X8/1r/D9CNAzD4AwI8AGAAAP//v7///z+A/gP/Voc/qyz5D/xTHP6osiD9 awDf///fwP//Hy7/13/1wT9Xu/D///cP31wAAAAY7+///w/g//8/gP/AwL/hH/8A/gMA/4Z/HgD4 ///39///B/D/gz8Bvctg6/CBfwD/P4B/wwAGAAAP/AP4von4H7D/n+X4B/h5/288gMEfG+D+vwcA AAj8uw//AD9y/v/vH/xzXcH6gT/r8MtgAACAAV7+v//Fh3+/a/n/1nwe+rkP4D/w8G/4BwGA/+9/ f///fwD///3/QQT7P///9P9H/+///P9gAAAA/7+///8/gP///wH2by77hw/8e/l+vaoc/3sA4P// 39///x/Af///AMM/gP/8//+uD/8APwAAGADlv7vPevCX9gCAv3//4R/AWwYAfvuHf64A+P8eDwDw 9/g//ANvC8DOdf/wz38A/4GAf8M/DwD8f/sH+P8B/B/+5xdg/taifzgHf4IAl4HW4b8HAP4f/7f8 /1z3DyDwzwL8A/w8+f8/y/CPdX3/3wMAPrN1AAd/bIDB//9nH/6xruX/+J9/+Me6gP/vAQD/23/9 wzEWExA4+LoOfwzfwv//3T/8ewDAutf/Fv7/6/rhX/9W/rer6od//vv9v/1+Dv47AOD//38L/+91 //D+/yv/P8DPwwf+Afz/AP4N7hUAsP//v4X417p+/+2/leHfqvr/r/9+g3+//vj/HgDwH/gHP3wT 8YHCgz/r8MtgLKf9///DP9cAWGMNY/n/xgEe/Lnv5f/7W3z49zyA/6/L56BfBwD+v/4B/AcA/g3/ +AfwHwP4N/zgH8B/D+Df8IABAAD///7+//8A/g/8A/j+AfwbP/AP4PgH8G8AwAAA
CPUID 060FB2 K8 Athlon 64 X2
This patch is shorter because this microarchitecture has only 16 patch RAM triads.
JiAGBu++rd4AgBAA3LtqVAAAAAAAAAAAgAYAAACqqqqrBgAA//////////////////////////// /////////1Ih/3/////PQQT9////2T/3/v//////X8D/9wC//+y/////r/7+///+//+/+/v///r/ //8AAAAwH8B/4ODf8A9/AP+BgH/DP/4B/AcA/g3/GAAAAPAP4D8H8G/4wD+A/x/Av+ED/wD+fwD/ hv8eAPgf+AfwfBPxP4+CP0Hwy2Dr/4F/AMM/gH+0lAwA+A/8Axv+AfzgP/APb/gH8ID/wD+/4R/A AP6/BwH8B/78D99ET/Cj4Ng6/DIfwH/g4N/wDwMALSXxAP7/bYAHf///Of/9+h/+/7/n/wf4efiV AYBcgX8A/zcR/8MA+BMEvwy2Dv7/DwB8+yk+RskAQP/AP4DhH8C//gP/AIZ/AP/4D/wDG/4B/OD/ ewDAf+Af3/AP4AD/gX9/wz+AAfwH/v4N/wAA8P89D+A/8PBv+Ac/gP/AwL/hH/8A/gMA/4Z/HgD4 //gH8B8D+Df84B/Afw/g3/CBfwD/P4B/w38PAPwP/AP4/gH8Gz/wD+D4B/Bv/8A/gOEfwL/+vwcA /Af+AQ3/AP7wH/gHN/wD+MB/4B/f8A/gAHZUAwD+A///hn8A8A/gPwH8G/4P4D/w8G/4BwGAOqp/ AP+B4N/wDw==
JiAGF+++rd4AgCAAQC778gAAAAAAAAAAQxAAAACqqqrSAAAA//////////////////////////// /////////1Ih/3/////PQQT9////2T/3/v//////X8D/9wC//+y/////r/7+///+//+/+/v///r/ //8AAAAw39///xfA//9/f///XwD////9/f9/Afz/GAAAAP/v7///C+D//7+///8vgP////7+/78A /gAMAAD///f3//8F8P//39///xfA//9/f///XwAAAAYA+///+/j//wLv///v4P//C7///7+A//8v AAAAA/39//8B/P9/9/f//wXw///f3///F8D//wEAAID//v7/vwD+///7+///Avj//+/v//8L4P/A AAAA/39///9fAP////39/38B/P//9/f//wXwAGAAAP//v7///y+A/v///v7/vwD7///7+P//AgAA MADf///fwP//F3///38A//9f/f3//wH8/38AAAAY7+///wvg//+/v///L4D////+/v+/AP7/DAAA AP/39///BfD//9/f//8XwP//f3///18A/wAGAAD///v7//8C+P//7+///wvg//+/v///L4AAAAMA /f///fz/fwH3///38P//Bd///9/A//8XAACAAf7+//8A/v+/+/v//wL4///v7///C+D//wAAAMB/ f///XwD////9/f9/Afz///f3//8F8P9gAAAA/7+///8vgP////7+/78A/v//+/v//wL4ADAAAP// 39///xfA//9/f///XwD9///9/P9/AQAAGADv///v4P//C7///7+A//8v/v7//wD+/78AAAAM9/f/ /wXw///f3///F8D//39///9fAP//BgAAAP/7+///Avj//+/v//8L4P//v7///y+A/wADAAD///39 /38B/P//9/f//wXw///f3///F8AAgAEA/v///v7/vwD7///7+P//Au///+/g//8LAADAAH///38A //9f/f3//wH8/3/39///BfD//wAAAGC/v///L4D////+/v+/AP7///v7//8C+P8wAAAA/9/f//8X wP//f3///18A/////f3/fwH8ABgAAP//7+///wvg//+/v///L4D+///+/v+/AAAADAD3///38P// Bd///9/A//8Xf///fwD//18AAAAG+/v//wL4///v7///C+D//7+///8vgP//AwAAAP/9/f9/Afz/ //f3//8F8P//39///xfA/4ABAAD///7+/78A/v//+/v//wL4///v7///C+AAwAAA
CPUID 870F10 Zen3 Ryzen5/3600X
In order to load this patch your loaded microcode patch revision must be lower than 08701035 (this is the first update that fixes EntrySign bug which this patch uses, downgrade BIOS and/or disable OS microcode patch loading to enable EntrySign bug. Ehm, feature.).
Also please note unlike other patches, MSR 8B is set to 0x087010DE instead of 0xDEADBEEF (as the revision is being checked against CPUID).
JCAYEd4QcAgEgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEIcAAAAAAAAOi+LD1tMIGOWjxG3RCBNoWPhmn5wvn3q7 mwG1mHVLgEEg7b0Kno3qLLvuGcrijycXalMDH8kzZ2McFmIAzg7ot5p9kNh0xohuwP82iEV0bZP7 6m/ZB5beoIhZzMH1T1+3+3/bPFCCUh78HxVwI2NFdL+W2ia1NlZE2LNN6zHAWdMOp0Z7HyxxZ/0e P/vclVYc61XjKwcKU5eVkLuMTkztC3jkwQckku5PSDBrFqLW/lWhL7komMMOtSeZavJnmvm1lL8C CG0JhzC+gktI6SxeKCoxFJp4sQSJKgkBzR6WTuBl6BreE0U7DOoCK9BmqFFGdN7nYdIQ5RuHtavW ihafgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAK5GNLg4Beoo1+ysAFOmq2wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAExfBmHciv3fYScAtYpIVRjR6dH5fiQT6+bsa L0efyduZeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeU NeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUN eUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNe UNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeUNeU NeUAAAAA3hBwCKM1AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABwAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA8AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8A AAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAcAAAAAAABCGJxaOK3eCEAYnC84EAAIQBgcIDjvvghAGJwvOAEAAAQA AAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACc fwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/ AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAA AJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAA nH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEA AAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAA AACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAA AJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAA AAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAA AAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/ AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8A AAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQA AAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACc fwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/ AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAA AJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAA nH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEA AAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAA AACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAA AJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAA AAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAA AAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/ AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8A AAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQA AAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACc fwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/ AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAA AJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAA nH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEA AAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAA AACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAA AJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAA AAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAA AAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/ AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8A AAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQA AAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACc fwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/ AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAAAJx/AAEAAAQAAAAAAJx/AAAAAAAAnH8AAAAAAACcfwAAAAAA AJx/AAEAAAQ=
AMD K7/K8/K10 microcode is considerably more vertical than Intel P6 microcode (see martin.hinner.info/p6microcode/↗ ) and more closely resembles a conventional RISC design, which is not surprising given its lineage from NexGen's RISC86 architecture.
This project is an independent, unofficial work based on publicly available information and reverse-engineering research, and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, sponsored by, or associated with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) or its affiliates. It is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind. The author assumes no responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, damage, data loss, hardware failure, or other consequences arising from its use. AMD and related trademarks are the property of their respective owners and are used solely for identification and informational purposes.